The Asian arowana (Scleropages formosus), known as the dragon fish, is one of the most prized and expensive aquarium fishes in the world. Scleropages is an extant freshwater fish of Osteoglossidae with a transocea...
The period between about 200,000 and 50,000 years ago saw the amplification of regional diversity in human biology. Given the fragmentary nature of that human fossil record, the nature of these late Middle and ear...
Osteichthyans (bony fishes and tetrapods) have the maxillary, premaxillary, and dentary bones, all with facial laminae, whereas placoderms (jawed stem gnathostomes) have supposedly non-homologous gnathal plates th...
In the main Proboscidean taxon of Elephantiformes, a huge pair of developed top incisors (ivories) has become a distinctive feature of this taxon. The structure is usually made as a tool for individual foraging an...
Neogene fossils of Old World vultures (Aegypiinae and Gypaetinae) are known from Africa, Eurasia, and North America. The evolution of Old World Vultures is closely tied to the expansion of grasslands and open wood...
The proboscidean fossil record in China is characterized by a high evolutionary rate, wide spatio-temporal distribution and richness of environmental indicators. Therefore, proboscideans make important indicator f...
Mesozoic mammals with molariform teeth bearing a simple, triangular arrangement of principal cusps were traditionally assigned to the Order Symmetrodonta. Phylogenetic analyses imply that this grouping is artifici...
Crown or modern sarcopterygians contain three major groups: coelacanths, lungfishes and tetrapods. With the exception of the tetrapods, sarcopterygians have a long evolutionary history of diversity decline and are...
Osteichthyans or bony fishes comprise two divisions, each containing over 32,000 living species: Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fishes and tetrapods) and Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes). Nevertheless, actinopterygi...
Modern wild sheep, Ovis, is widespread in the mountain ranges of the Caucasus through Himalaya, Tibetan Plateau, Tianshan-Altai, eastern Siberia, and the Rocky Mountains in North America. In Eurasia, fossil sheep ...